peters



UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

FELIX M. BAUDOUIN, AOBILLE BAUDOUIN, AND JEAN B.' F. JOUANNIN, OF rAEIs, FBANOE.

IMPROVEMENT IN LOOMS FOR MAKING FISHING AND OTHER NETS.

Specification forming part of Letters Patent No. 43,888, dated August 16, 1864.

To @ZZ whom it may concern.'

Be it known that we, FELIX M. BAUDOUIN, ACHILLE BAUDOUIN, and JEAN B. F. J OUAN- NIN, of Paris, in the Empire of France, have invented a new and Improved Loom for Making Nets and we do hereby declare that t-he following is a full, clear, and exact description thereof, which will enable others skilled in the art to make and use the same, reference being had to thev accompauyin g drawings, forming part of this speeitication, in which- I Figure 1 represents a longitudinal vertical section oi' our' invention. Fig. 2 is a front elevation of the saine. Fig. 3 is a plan or top view of the same. Fig. 4 is a longitudinal vertical section of the hook-box. Fig. 5 is a detached side elevation of our device for regulating the take-up 7 motion and the length of the meshes. Figs. 6, 7, and 8 are detached sectional views of one of the shuttles. Figs. 9 and 1() are detached views of the shuttlethread stretchers.

Similar letters ot' reference indicate like paris.

This invention relates to certain improvements in the mechanism for forming the loops and tying the knots; also, in the construction ot' the shuttles and the means employed for operating and moving the same; further, in the use of an automatic take-up regulator, which also serves' to regulate the length of the meshes; also, in a peculiar arrangement and disposition ot' the warp-threads, whereby the length of the net becomes unlimited, and each thread can be readily tied in case it breaks 5 finally, to certain novel means for keeping the threads stretched and to take up the slack.

A is a iframe made Ot' cast-iron or any other suitable material ot' suiicient strength and durability for the purpose. This frame forms the bearings for the several arbors and working parts ot our loom. Secured to the rear end of the frame A is the secondary frame B, which forms the bearings fo'r the arbors ot' the spools a, which carry the warp-threads. These spools maybe arranged in a horizontal or in any other con- Venientposition, and their number is equal to the number of threads to be used in the warp of the net to be produced. Said warp-threads pass from the spools a over a stationary comb, b, which is secured in the top partot' ihe main frame A, and thence they extend under the rod c and the rod c', and then down under the rod d, which is fastened to two arms, d', oscillating freely up and down onA pivots or trunnions set in suitable sockets in the main frame. This rod serves to take up. the slack of the warp-threads, and the proper.

tension of said threads is effected by passing them from the comb b under and over the rods c c. From the rod dsaid threads extend around the roller e, the surface of which is covered with emery or otherwise, made rough to prevent the threadsfrom slipping in either direction and from passing one on top of the other. Each thread passes round the roller c one and a quarter time, and, notwithstanding the small amount otl friction-surface thus produced, the rough surface ot' the roller is sufficient to prevent said threads from slipping either on the roller or in a lateral direction. The threads are thus kept distinct and separate, one from the other, and if one ot' the threads breaks it can be readily tied by a single knot without producing any change in the tension of the other threads.

The axle e. of the roller c has its bearings in the main frame A, and it bears on one end a pulley, e2, to receive 'a cord, e3, the ends of which pass over sheaves e4 c5, pivoted to an arm, e, which extends from the frame A, and suspended from the ends of this cord are two unequal weights, c7 e, which are so balanced that the heaviest of the two weights always has a tendency to rotate the roller c in the direction of the arrow marked thereon in Fig. 1. These weights are intended to reverse the motion of the roller e at'ter nishin g each course ot' meshes ,but they have not always sn'tlicient power to accomplish this task when some obstruction occurs in the loops. For this reason we have arranged a friction-driver, 6*, to operate in connection with the balance weights e"l e8. This frietiondriver is secured to the main driving-axle O ofthe loom, and its beveled face acts on the beveled face ot' the roller ct, which is secured to the arbor of the roller e. Thet'aces ofthe driver c* and roller e* are beveled in opposite directions, so that lthey can be set up closer and closer to com-' pensate for wear. v y

From the roller e the warp-threads pass down through the movable combf, being corfined in its teeth by a bar, f', which extends across the comb in contact with the points of its teeth. Said comb is guided by dovetailed brackets j'z on the front end of the main frame A, and a reciprocating motion is imparted to it by a cam,f3, which acts on a friction-roller,

f*,secnred to the end of an arm which extends from one end of the combstock, and held up against the face of the cam by a spring, f5, acting on the opposite end of the comb stock.

The cam f3 has its bearings on a pivot that is firmly inserted in the side ofthe main frame, and it is secured to or cast solid with a cogwheehf, which gears in apinion, ft, mounted on the main driving-shaft C. The diameter of the wheel f6 is twice as large as that of the p'nionjt, so that it takes two revolutions of the driving shaft C to produce one of the cam Tf. The face of the cam, however, is provided with two st eps, and each revolution of the main shaft brings one of the steps in contact with the roller f4, and an intermittent recipiocating motion is thereby imparted to the (ombf. By this motion the warp-threads are displaced after completing each course of meshes, and the hooks g are compelled to catch hold of them on the other side. The threads are thereby twisted in opposite directions, and the tendency ofthe net to twist during the fabrication and when the same is in use is destroyed.

The hooks gare secured in the hook-box g', and they receive a complex motion which enables them to take up the weft or shuttle threads andthe warpthreads, twist them, draw them out to form loops, and deposit these loops on the shuttles.

'lhe hook-box g is supported by a rod, g2, the round ends of which project beyond said box and have their bearings in rods g3, the rear ends of which are made to straddle the shaft, G, and this shaft carries two disks, O'it, with cam -grooves g4, acting on roller-studs which are secured to the rods g3. Said rods are suspended from straps gG, which embrace the ends of the driving-shaft C, and the upper ends of which carry roller-studs g", to catch into cam-grooves g8, cut into disks that are mounted on the shaft C. By the action of the cam-grooves g8 the hook-box is raised and lowered at stated intervals, and at the same time said box is moved backward and forward by the action of the cam-grooves g4 on the rods g3. Besidesthese two motions, arevolving motion is imparted to the hook-box by the action of a toothed rack-bar, g?, the forked rear end of which straddles the shaft C', and which carries a roller-stud, gl", to engage with a camgroove, g, on the inner surface of one of the disks 0*. By the action of this cam-groove a reciprocating motion is imparted to the rackbar y at the proper intervals, and the hookbox is turned up or down, as may be required. The hook-box also receives a lateral reciprocating motion by the action of projections and corresponding cavities on the inner surof the lugs g. This lateral motion of the hook-box is requisite to enable the hooks to take hold of the warp threads and to carry them forward in the form of loops, to be deposited on or passed over the shuttles.

The hooks g rotate freely in the hook-box, and their shanks are provided with pinions git, which gear into teeth cut or otherwise Yformed in the rod g2, which supports the hook-box. This rod is provided with a double ange forming a groove, g'it, at one end, to receive the forked end of the lever gt, which has its fulcrum on a pin inserted into astandard, git, rising from one of the rods g3.r The rear end of this lever bears against the face ofa cam, gft, on the shaft'Cf, and by this cam a lateral reciprocating motion is imparted to the rod g2 independent of the hook-box. In

receiving'this motion the teethvof this rod enf gage with the pinions on the shanks of the hooks, and 'said hooks revolve in the desired direction and at the proper time to seize hold of and twist the threads used in weaving the nets.

The weft or shuttle threads are wound on bobbins h, which are placed loosely within thel shuttles lL. Said bobbins are held `in place by central ribs catching in a groove on their circumference, and by turning up the aps It* they can be easily removed for the purpose of receiving a fresh supply of thread.

The shuttles are attached toa shaft, h2, by means of tian ged circular shoes h3, which slip into I -shaped slots in the bottom ofthe shuttles, as clearly shown in Fig'. 8 of the drawings, a portion of the fiange on each being taken off in order to enable the same to pass into its slot. A recess or notch, h4, made in the circumference of each shoe, (see Fig. 6,) serves to receive theloops carried downby the hooks g and deposited by them on the shuttles, and by impart-ing to the shaft carrying the shoes a partial revolution the loops are passed through under the shuttles and deposited on the needles h5, as'shown in Fig. 6.

The shaft h2 has its bearings in suitable boxes in a carriage, if, which restson the rails h, and to which a reciprocating motion is imparted by connecting rods hg, extending from eccentric wrist-pins in the faces of disks or cranks secured to the ends of the shaft O'. As the carriage is drawn backward and forward on the rails h, a forked arm, hl", se-

cured to one end of the shaft h2, by coming in contact with a stud, h, projecting from the frame A,imparts to said shaft a partial rotary motion, thereby bringing the recesses h4 alternately in the position to receive and deliver the loops formed by the action of the hooks g.

The shuttle-threads extend from the bobbins h round hooks 7012, extending from each shuttle, as clearly shown in Fig. 6 of the drawings, and thence over the oscillating stretcher t' to the jaws lc, and finally through these jaws to the take-up rollers. This stretcher serves to produce the requisite tension of the shuttlethreads, and to take up the slack after the loops have been formed. It oscillates on 4a rod, i', which revolves on center' points fastcned in the lower part'of the frame A, and motion is imparted to it by an eccentric, t2, on the shaft O, which connects with one of the arms of said stretcher by a rod, i3. The stretcher itself is hinged. to the upper ends of said arms, and it swings backward and forward, its motion being limited by studs projfctin g in suitable sockets in the edges of the arms. By this motion of the stretcher the strain is rendered yielding, and the machine can be 'worked quickly without danger Yof snapping the threads. (See Figs. 9 and 10.)

The needles/L5 are hinged to the inner ends of the shuttles h', and they are intended to receive the loops as the-same pass ott' from the bodies 'ot' the shuttles, and to prevent the twisting of said loops, and also the untimely formation of the knots. By their action the regularity of the work is insured.

Before starting the machine the ends of the warp -threads are drawn from the comb j' through the jaws lr, and wound round the take up rollers, so that the same are firmly retained in position, and the hooks g, in pulling on said threads, will be able to carry in a new supply su'tiicient for a loop by every stroke. At the moment when the shuttle carriage is at its greatest distance from the jaws 7c, the hook-box g receives a downward motion, in order to make the hooks proceed toward the weft or shuttle threads; and while their downward motion is being accomplished the hooks turn on their own axis, so as to direct their points downward and cause them to pass between the shuttle-threads. At that point a lateral motion is imparted to the hookzbox by the projections on the lugs Q12 acting on the ends of the bar g, and by this motion the lxooks are brought beneath the shuttle-threads made to catch hold of them, and then the hook-box rises and again moves laterally to enable the hooks to catch hold of the warpthreads, and the hooks are turned a quarter of a revolution to direct their points downward and depressed, thus causing the loops ofI the shuttle-threads to slip from the hooks upon the warp-threads, said warp-threads still being retained by the hooks and drawn through the loops of the shuttle-threads; and as the hooks descend the loops of the warp-threads are-deposited upon the shuttles, and, after passing over said shuttles, upon the shuttlethread, as indicated in Fig. 6 of the drawings.

Each course of loops, after having been formed as above described, is drawn through the jaws k by the action of the take-up rollers l l L2, which are arranged side by side on axles Iit 't Pt, having their bearings in slots in the opposite sides of the frame A. The surfaces of these rollers are m ade rough by means of emery, or in any other suitable manner, to enable them to take a firm hold ofthe net, and their surfaces are compressed with more or less powerby setserews Z3, acting on the ends of the axle of the roller l. The required motion is imparted to these rollers by action of a tappet, m, which is secured by a set screw, m', in a standard rising from the shuttle-carriage. As the carriage moves inward, the tappet m comes in Contact with a pendent lever, fn, which is suspended loosely from the roller l', and which carries a spring-pawl, a, gearing in the teeth of the ratchet-wheel a2, which is firmly secured to the axle Il* of the roller t. A suitable weight or spring carries the pendent lever and pawl back to their original position as soon as the tappet m recedes. By adjusting the tappet m backward. or forward the throw of the pendent lever a can be decreased orincreased, and

the consequent increase or decrease in theA motion of the take-up rollers produces a c orresponding change in thelength of the meshes. It the tappet'is held stationary until the net is completed, all the meshes will be of uniform size; but, if desired, said tappet may be conneettd with a device which will change its position automatically after each course or at certain stated intervals, and the nets can be made with gradually-increasing or with gradually-deereasing meshes, as may be desired.

Motion is imparted to the main shaft C by means of a large cog-wheel, C2, which gears in a pinion, D, on the shaft l). This shaft may be rotated by hand or by any other competent power, and the motion of the shaft C is transmitted to the shaft C by a cog on the circumference ot' the disk Clit, which gears in the cog-wheel C2. lf desired, these two cogwheels may be made oval, to produce a decrease in the velocity of the machine at those moments when the delicate portions of the mechanism are brought into action, and an increase in the velocity at such points where the coarser parts of the mechanism alone have to operate.

Having thus described our invention, we claim as new and desireto secure by Letters Patentl. The employment or-use, in a loom for making' nets, of a series of spools, a, carrying the warp-threads, in combination with a stationary comb, b, rods c c, and rough-surface roller e, all constructed and operating substantially as and for the purpose set forth.

2. The rod d, in combination with the warpthreads and rough surface roller e.

3. The friction-driver c* and conical roller eit, in combination with the rough-surface roller e, and with the warp-threads applied and operating substantially as and for the purpose set forth.

et. The movable comb j', in combination with the twisting-hooks g, and with the warpthreads, constructed and operating substantially as and for the purpose set forth.

The hooks g, hook-box g', and lod g2, arranged in combination With cani grooves g4 and cam git, in the manner and for the vpurose substantially as described.

6. The toothed rack-bar gg and cam-groove gu, in combination with the hook-box g', applied and operating substantiallyV as and for thc purpose set forth.

7. The straps g and cani-grooves y, in coinbination with the rods g3 and hook-box g', constructed and operating substantially as and for the purpose specified.

S. The lugs gn. with projections and corre-` sponding cavities, acting in combination with the bar g13 and hook-box g', in the manner and for the purpose substantially as described.

9. The han ged circular shoes h3, with notches 71.4,in combination with the shuttles, constructed and operating substantially and for the purpose set forth.

10. rIhe hinged needles h5, applied in combnation with the shuttles h', in the manner A and for the purpose substantially as specified.

11. The. carriage h7 and rails ha, in combination with the shuttles h and hooks g, constructed and operating substantially as and for the purpose described.l

12. The stretcher i, arranged and operated in combination with the shuttles, in the manner and for the purpose substantially as set forth. f

13. The combination of the adjustable takeup rollers l l L2 with the hooks g and shuttles lbf, constructed and operating` substantially as and for the purpose specied.

14. rl`he adjustable tappet m, acting in couibination with the pendent lever n, pawl n', ratchet-wheel n2, and take-up rollers ll Z2, substantially in the manner and for the purpose herein shown and described.

F. M. BAUDOUIN. ACH. BAUDOUIN. F. JOUANNIN.

Witnesses:

DEsNos,

A. GUION, Jr. 

